MISP data models - MISP core format - MISP taxonomies

MISP is not only a software but also a series of data models created by the MISP community. MISP includes a simple and practical information sharing format expressed in JSON that can be used with MISP software or by any other software. The MISP formats are now standards handled by the MISP standard body.

MISP Core Format

The MISP core format is a simple JSON format used by MISP and other tools to exchange events and attributes. The JSON schema 2.4 is described on the MISP core software and many sample files are available in the OSINT feed.

The MISP format is described as Internet-Draft in misp-rfc. The MISP format are described to support the developer or organisation willing to build your own tool supporting the MISP format (as import or export). The standard is built from practical use-cases and the implementation references within the MISP project. The standard is quickly evolving following the MISP implementation.

MISP default attributes and categories

Attribute Categories vs. Types

Category	Antivirus detection	Artifacts dropped	Attribution	External analysis	Financial fraud	Internal reference
AS				X
aba-rtn					X
anonymised	X	X	X	X	X	X
attachment	X	X		X
authentihash		X
azure-application-id
bank-account-nr					X
bic					X
bin					X
boolean
bro				X
btc					X
campaign-id			X
campaign-name			X
cc-number					X
cdhash		X
chrome-extension-id
comment	X	X	X	X	X	X
community-id				X
cookie		X
cortex				X
counter
country-of-residence
cpe				X
dash					X
date-of-birth
datetime
dkim
dkim-signature
dns-soa-email			X
domain				X
domain|ip				X
email			X
email-attachment
email-body
email-dst
email-dst-display-name
email-header
email-message-id
email-mime-boundary
email-reply-to
email-src
email-src-display-name
email-subject
email-thread-index
email-x-mailer
eppn
favicon-mmh3
filename		X		X
filename-pattern		X		X
filename|authentihash		X
filename|impfuzzy		X
filename|imphash		X
filename|md5		X		X
filename|pehash		X
filename|sha1		X		X
filename|sha224		X
filename|sha256		X		X
filename|sha3-224		X		X
filename|sha3-256		X		X
filename|sha3-384		X		X
filename|sha3-512		X		X
filename|sha384		X
filename|sha512		X
filename|sha512/224		X
filename|sha512/256		X
filename|ssdeep		X
filename|tlsh		X
filename|vhash		X
first-name
float
frequent-flyer-number
full-name
gender
gene		X
git-commit-id						X
github-organisation
github-repository				X
github-username
hassh-md5				X
hasshserver-md5				X
hex	X	X			X	X
hostname				X
hostname|port
http-method
iban					X
identity-card-number
impfuzzy		X
imphash		X
ip-dst				X
ip-dst|port				X
ip-src				X
ip-src|port				X
issue-date-of-the-visa
ja3-fingerprint-md5				X
jabber-id
jarm-fingerprint				X
kusto-query		X
last-name
link	X			X		X
mac-address				X
mac-eui-64				X
malware-sample		X		X
malware-type
md5		X		X
middle-name
mime-type		X
mobile-application-id
mutex		X
named pipe		X
nationality
other	X	X	X	X	X	X
passenger-name-record-locator-number
passport-country
passport-expiration
passport-number
pattern-in-file		X		X
pattern-in-memory		X		X
pattern-in-traffic				X
payment-details
pdb		X
pehash
pgp-private-key		X
pgp-public-key		X
phone-number					X
place-of-birth
place-port-of-clearance
place-port-of-onward-foreign-destination
place-port-of-original-embarkation
port
primary-residence
process-state		X
prtn					X
redress-number
regkey		X		X
regkey|value		X		X
sha1		X		X
sha224		X
sha256		X		X
sha3-224		X		X
sha3-256		X		X
sha3-384		X		X
sha3-512		X		X
sha384		X
sha512		X
sha512/224		X
sha512/256		X
sigma		X
size-in-bytes
snort				X
special-service-request
ssdeep		X
ssh-fingerprint
stix2-pattern		X
target-email
target-external
target-location
target-machine
target-org
target-user
telfhash		X
text	X	X	X	X	X	X
threat-actor			X
tlsh
travel-details
twitter-id
uri
url				X
user-agent				X
vhash		X
visa-number
vulnerability				X
weakness				X
whois-creation-date			X
whois-registrant-email			X
whois-registrant-name			X
whois-registrant-org			X
whois-registrant-phone			X
whois-registrar			X
windows-scheduled-task		X
windows-service-displayname		X
windows-service-name		X
x509-fingerprint-md5		X	X	X
x509-fingerprint-sha1		X	X	X
x509-fingerprint-sha256		X	X	X
xmr					X
yara		X
zeek				X

Category	Network activity	Other	Payload delivery	Payload installation	Payload type	Persistence mechanism
AS	X		X
aba-rtn
anonymised	X	X	X	X	X	X
attachment	X		X	X
authentihash			X	X
azure-application-id			X	X
bank-account-nr
bic
bin
boolean		X
bro	X
btc
campaign-id
campaign-name
cc-number
cdhash			X	X
chrome-extension-id			X	X
comment	X	X	X	X	X	X
community-id	X
cookie	X
cortex
counter		X
country-of-residence
cpe		X	X	X
dash
date-of-birth
datetime		X
dkim	X
dkim-signature	X
dns-soa-email
domain	X		X
domain|ip	X
email	X		X
email-attachment			X
email-body			X
email-dst	X		X
email-dst-display-name			X
email-header			X
email-message-id			X
email-mime-boundary			X
email-reply-to			X
email-src	X		X
email-src-display-name			X
email-subject	X		X
email-thread-index			X
email-x-mailer			X
eppn	X
favicon-mmh3	X
filename			X	X		X
filename-pattern	X		X	X
filename|authentihash			X	X
filename|impfuzzy			X	X
filename|imphash			X	X
filename|md5			X	X
filename|pehash			X	X
filename|sha1			X	X
filename|sha224			X	X
filename|sha256			X	X
filename|sha3-224			X	X
filename|sha3-256			X	X
filename|sha3-384			X	X
filename|sha3-512			X	X
filename|sha384			X	X
filename|sha512			X	X
filename|sha512/224			X	X
filename|sha512/256			X	X
filename|ssdeep			X	X
filename|tlsh			X	X
filename|vhash			X	X
first-name
float		X
frequent-flyer-number
full-name
gender
gene
git-commit-id
github-organisation
github-repository
github-username
hassh-md5	X		X
hasshserver-md5	X		X
hex	X	X	X	X		X
hostname	X		X
hostname|port	X		X
http-method	X
iban
identity-card-number
impfuzzy			X	X
imphash			X	X
ip-dst	X		X
ip-dst|port	X		X
ip-src	X		X
ip-src|port	X		X
issue-date-of-the-visa
ja3-fingerprint-md5	X		X
jabber-id
jarm-fingerprint	X		X
kusto-query
last-name
link			X
mac-address	X		X
mac-eui-64	X		X
malware-sample			X	X
malware-type			X	X
md5			X	X
middle-name
mime-type			X	X
mobile-application-id			X	X
mutex
named pipe
nationality
other	X	X	X	X	X	X
passenger-name-record-locator-number
passport-country
passport-expiration
passport-number
pattern-in-file	X		X	X
pattern-in-memory				X
pattern-in-traffic	X		X	X
payment-details
pdb
pehash			X	X
pgp-private-key		X
pgp-public-key		X
phone-number		X
place-of-birth
place-port-of-clearance
place-port-of-onward-foreign-destination
place-port-of-original-embarkation
port	X	X
primary-residence
process-state
prtn
redress-number
regkey						X
regkey|value						X
sha1			X	X
sha224			X	X
sha256			X	X
sha3-224			X	X
sha3-256			X	X
sha3-384			X	X
sha3-512			X	X
sha384			X	X
sha512			X	X
sha512/224			X	X
sha512/256			X	X
sigma			X	X
size-in-bytes		X
snort	X
special-service-request
ssdeep			X	X
ssh-fingerprint	X
stix2-pattern	X		X	X
target-email
target-external
target-location
target-machine
target-org
target-user
telfhash			X	X
text	X	X	X	X	X	X
threat-actor
tlsh			X	X
travel-details
twitter-id
uri	X
url	X		X
user-agent	X		X
vhash			X	X
visa-number
vulnerability			X	X
weakness			X	X
whois-creation-date
whois-registrant-email			X
whois-registrant-name
whois-registrant-org
whois-registrant-phone
whois-registrar
windows-scheduled-task
windows-service-displayname
windows-service-name
x509-fingerprint-md5	X		X	X
x509-fingerprint-sha1	X		X	X
x509-fingerprint-sha256	X		X	X
xmr
yara			X	X
zeek	X

Category	Person	Social network	Support Tool	Targeting data
AS
aba-rtn
anonymised	X	X	X	X
attachment			X
authentihash
azure-application-id
bank-account-nr
bic
bin
boolean
bro
btc
campaign-id
campaign-name
cc-number
cdhash
chrome-extension-id
comment	X	X	X	X
community-id
cookie
cortex
counter
country-of-residence	X
cpe
dash
date-of-birth	X
datetime
dkim
dkim-signature
dns-soa-email
domain
domain|ip
email	X	X
email-attachment
email-body
email-dst		X
email-dst-display-name
email-header
email-message-id
email-mime-boundary
email-reply-to
email-src		X
email-src-display-name
email-subject
email-thread-index
email-x-mailer
eppn		X
favicon-mmh3
filename
filename-pattern
filename|authentihash
filename|impfuzzy
filename|imphash
filename|md5
filename|pehash
filename|sha1
filename|sha224
filename|sha256
filename|sha3-224
filename|sha3-256
filename|sha3-384
filename|sha3-512
filename|sha384
filename|sha512
filename|sha512/224
filename|sha512/256
filename|ssdeep
filename|tlsh
filename|vhash
first-name	X
float
frequent-flyer-number	X
full-name	X
gender	X
gene
git-commit-id
github-organisation		X
github-repository		X
github-username		X
hassh-md5
hasshserver-md5
hex			X
hostname
hostname|port
http-method
iban
identity-card-number	X
impfuzzy
imphash
ip-dst
ip-dst|port
ip-src
ip-src|port
issue-date-of-the-visa	X
ja3-fingerprint-md5
jabber-id		X
jarm-fingerprint
kusto-query
last-name	X
link			X
mac-address
mac-eui-64
malware-sample
malware-type
md5
middle-name	X
mime-type
mobile-application-id
mutex
named pipe
nationality	X
other	X	X	X
passenger-name-record-locator-number	X
passport-country	X
passport-expiration	X
passport-number	X
pattern-in-file
pattern-in-memory
pattern-in-traffic
payment-details	X
pdb
pehash
pgp-private-key	X	X
pgp-public-key	X	X
phone-number	X
place-of-birth	X
place-port-of-clearance	X
place-port-of-onward-foreign-destination	X
place-port-of-original-embarkation	X
port
primary-residence	X
process-state
prtn
redress-number	X
regkey
regkey|value
sha1
sha224
sha256
sha3-224
sha3-256
sha3-384
sha3-512
sha384
sha512
sha512/224
sha512/256
sigma
size-in-bytes
snort
special-service-request	X
ssdeep
ssh-fingerprint
stix2-pattern
target-email				X
target-external				X
target-location				X
target-machine				X
target-org				X
target-user				X
telfhash
text	X	X	X
threat-actor
tlsh
travel-details	X
twitter-id		X
uri
url
user-agent
vhash
visa-number	X
vulnerability
weakness
whois-creation-date
whois-registrant-email		X
whois-registrant-name
whois-registrant-org
whois-registrant-phone
whois-registrar
windows-scheduled-task
windows-service-displayname
windows-service-name
x509-fingerprint-md5
x509-fingerprint-sha1
x509-fingerprint-sha256
xmr
yara
zeek

Categories

• Antivirus detection: All the info about how the malware is detected by the antivirus products
• Artifacts dropped: Any artifact (files, registry keys etc.) dropped by the malware or other modifications to the system
• Attribution: Identification of the group, organisation, or country behind the attack
• External analysis: Any other result from additional analysis of the malware like tools output
• Financial fraud: Financial Fraud indicators
• Internal reference: Reference used by the publishing party (e.g. ticket number)
• Network activity: Information about network traffic generated by the malware
• Other: Attributes that are not part of any other category or are meant to be used as a component in MISP objects in the future
• Payload delivery: Information about how the malware is delivered
• Payload installation: Info on where the malware gets installed in the system
• Payload type: Information about the final payload(s)
• Persistence mechanism: Mechanisms used by the malware to start at boot
• Person: A human being - natural person
• Social network: Social networks and platforms
• Support Tool: Tools supporting analysis or detection of the event
• Targeting data: Internal Attack Targeting and Compromise Information

Types

• AS: Autonomous system
• aba-rtn: ABA routing transit number
• anonymised: Anonymised value - described with the anonymisation object via a relationship
• attachment: Attachment with external information
• authentihash: Authenticode executable signature hash
• azure-application-id: Azure Application ID.
• bank-account-nr: Bank account number without any routing number
• bic: Bank Identifier Code Number also known as SWIFT-BIC, SWIFT code or ISO 9362 code
• bin: Bank Identification Number
• boolean: Boolean value - to be used in objects
• bro: An NIDS rule in the Bro rule-format
• btc: Bitcoin Address
• campaign-id: Associated campaign ID
• campaign-name: Associated campaign name
• cc-number: Credit-Card Number
• cdhash: An Apple Code Directory Hash, identifying a code-signed Mach-O executable file
• chrome-extension-id: Chrome extension id
• comment: Comment or description in a human language
• community-id: A community ID flow hashing algorithm to map multiple traffic monitors into common flow id
• cookie: HTTP cookie as often stored on the user web client. This can include authentication cookie or session cookie.
• cortex: Cortex analysis result
• counter: An integer counter, generally to be used in objects
• country-of-residence: The country of residence of a natural person
• cpe: Common Platform Enumeration - structured naming scheme for information technology systems, software, and packages.
• dash: Dash Address
• date-of-birth: Date of birth of a natural person (in YYYY-MM-DD format)
• datetime: Datetime in the ISO 8601 format
• dkim: DKIM public key
• dkim-signature: DKIM signature
• dns-soa-email: RFC 1035 mandates that DNS zones should have a SOA (Statement Of Authority) record that contains an email address where a PoC for the domain could be contacted. This can sometimes be used for attribution/linkage between different domains even if protected by whois privacy
• domain: A domain name used in the malware
• domain|ip: A domain name and its IP address (as found in DNS lookup) separated by a |
• email: An email address
• email-attachment: File name of the email attachment.
• email-body: Email body
• email-dst: The destination email address. Used to describe the recipient when describing an e-mail.
• email-dst-display-name: Email destination display name
• email-header: Email header
• email-message-id: The email message ID
• email-mime-boundary: The email mime boundary separating parts in a multipart email
• email-reply-to: Email reply to header
• email-src: The source email address. Used to describe the sender when describing an e-mail.
• email-src-display-name: Email source display name
• email-subject: The subject of the email
• email-thread-index: The email thread index header
• email-x-mailer: Email x-mailer header
• eppn: eduPersonPrincipalName - eppn - the NetId of the person for the purposes of inter-institutional authentication. Should be stored in the form of user@univ.edu, where univ.edu is the name of the local security domain.
• favicon-mmh3: favicon-mmh3 is the murmur3 hash of a favicon as used in Shodan.
• filename: Filename
• filename-pattern: A pattern in the name of a file
• filename|authentihash: A filename and Authenticode executable signature hash
• filename|impfuzzy: Import fuzzy hash - a fuzzy hash created based on the imports in the sample.
• filename|imphash: Import hash - a hash created based on the imports in the sample.
• filename|md5: A filename and an MD5 hash separated by a |
• filename|pehash: A filename and a peHash separated by a |
• filename|sha1: A filename and an SHA1 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha224: A filename and a SHA-224 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha256: A filename and an SHA256 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha3-224: A filename and an SHA3-224 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha3-256: A filename and an SHA3-256 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha3-384: A filename and an SHA3-384 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha3-512: A filename and an SHA3-512 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha384: A filename and a SHA-384 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha512: A filename and a SHA-512 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha512/224: A filename and a SHa-512/224 hash separated by a |
• filename|sha512/256: A filename and a SHA-512/256 hash separated by a |
• filename|ssdeep: A checksum in ssdeep format
• filename|tlsh: A filename and a Trend Micro Locality Sensitive Hash separated by a |
• filename|vhash: A filename and a VirusTotal hash separated by a |
• first-name: First name of a natural person
• float: A floating point value.
• frequent-flyer-number: The frequent flyer number of a passenger
• full-name: Full name of a natural person
• gender: The gender of a natural person (Male, Female, Other, Prefer not to say)
• gene: GENE - Go Evtx sigNature Engine
• git-commit-id: A Git commit ID.
• github-organisation: A GitHub organisation
• github-repository: A Github repository
• github-username: A GitHub user name
• hassh-md5: hassh is a network fingerprinting standard which can be used to identify specific Client SSH implementations. The fingerprints can be easily stored, searched and shared in the form of an MD5 fingerprint.
• hasshserver-md5: hasshServer is a network fingerprinting standard which can be used to identify specific Server SSH implementations. The fingerprints can be easily stored, searched and shared in the form of an MD5 fingerprint.
• hex: A value in hexadecimal format
• hostname: A full host/dnsname of an attacker
• hostname|port: Hostname and port number separated by a |
• http-method: HTTP method used by the malware (e.g. POST, GET, …).
• iban: International Bank Account Number
• identity-card-number: Identity card number
• impfuzzy: A fuzzy hash of import table of Portable Executable format
• imphash: Import hash - a hash created based on the imports in the sample.
• ip-dst: A destination IP address of the attacker or C&C server
• ip-dst|port: IP destination and port number separated by a |
• ip-src: A source IP address of the attacker
• ip-src|port: IP source and port number separated by a |
• issue-date-of-the-visa: The date on which the visa was issued
• ja3-fingerprint-md5: JA3 is a method for creating SSL/TLS client fingerprints that should be easy to produce on any platform and can be easily shared for threat intelligence.
• jabber-id: Jabber ID
• jarm-fingerprint: JARM is a method for creating SSL/TLS server fingerprints.
• kusto-query: Kusto query - Kusto from Microsoft Azure is a service for storing and running interactive analytics over Big Data.
• last-name: Last name of a natural person
• link: Link to an external information
• mac-address: MAC address
• mac-eui-64: MAC EUI-64 address
• malware-sample: Attachment containing encrypted malware sample
• malware-type:
• md5: A checksum in MD5 format
• middle-name: Middle name of a natural person
• mime-type: A media type (also MIME type and content type) is a two-part identifier for file formats and format contents transmitted on the Internet
• mobile-application-id: The application id of a mobile application
• mutex: Mutex, use the format \BaseNamedObjects<Mutex>
• named pipe: Named pipe, use the format .\pipe<PipeName>
• nationality: The nationality of a natural person
• other: Other attribute
• passenger-name-record-locator-number: The Passenger Name Record Locator is a key under which the reservation for a trip is stored in the system. The PNR contains, among other data, the name, flight segments and address of the passenger. It is defined by a combination of five or six letters and numbers.
• passport-country: The country in which the passport was issued
• passport-expiration: The expiration date of a passport
• passport-number: The passport number of a natural person
• pattern-in-file: Pattern in file that identifies the malware
• pattern-in-memory: Pattern in memory dump that identifies the malware
• pattern-in-traffic: Pattern in network traffic that identifies the malware
• payment-details: Payment details
• pdb: Microsoft Program database (PDB) path information
• pehash: peHash - a hash calculated based of certain pieces of a PE executable file
• pgp-private-key: A PGP private key
• pgp-public-key: A PGP public key
• phone-number: Telephone Number
• place-of-birth: Place of birth of a natural person
• place-port-of-clearance: The port of clearance
• place-port-of-onward-foreign-destination: A Port where the passenger is transiting to
• place-port-of-original-embarkation: The original port of embarkation
• port: Port number
• primary-residence: The primary residence of a natural person
• process-state: State of a process
• prtn: Premium-Rate Telephone Number
• redress-number: The Redress Control Number is the record identifier for people who apply for redress through the DHS Travel Redress Inquiry Program (DHS TRIP). DHS TRIP is for travelers who have been repeatedly identified for additional screening and who want to file an inquiry to have erroneous information corrected in DHS systems
• regkey: Registry key or value
• regkey|value: Registry value + data separated by |
• sha1: A checksum in SHA1 format
• sha224: A checksum in SHA-224 format
• sha256: A checksum in SHA256 format
• sha3-224: A checksum in SHA3-224 format
• sha3-256: A checksum in SHA3-256 format
• sha3-384: A checksum in SHA3-384 format
• sha3-512: A checksum in SHA3-512 format
• sha384: A checksum in SHA-384 format
• sha512: A checksum in SHA-512 format
• sha512/224: A checksum in the SHA-512/224 format
• sha512/256: A checksum in the SHA-512/256 format
• sigma: Sigma - Generic Signature Format for SIEM Systems
• size-in-bytes: Size expressed in bytes
• snort: An IDS rule in Snort rule-format
• special-service-request: A Special Service Request is a function to an airline to provide a particular facility for A Passenger or passengers.
• ssdeep: A checksum in ssdeep format
• ssh-fingerprint: A fingerprint of SSH key material
• stix2-pattern: STIX 2 pattern
• target-email: Attack Targets Email(s)
• target-external: External Target Organizations Affected by this Attack
• target-location: Attack Targets Physical Location(s)
• target-machine: Attack Targets Machine Name(s)
• target-org: Attack Targets Department or Organization(s)
• target-user: Attack Targets Username(s)
• telfhash: telfhash is symbol hash for ELF files, just like imphash is imports hash for PE files.
• text: Name, ID or a reference
• threat-actor: A string identifying the threat actor
• tlsh: A checksum in the Trend Micro Locality Sensitive Hash format
• travel-details: Travel details
• twitter-id: Twitter ID
• uri: Uniform Resource Identifier
• url: Uniform Resource Locator
• user-agent: The user-agent used by the malware in the HTTP request.
• vhash: A VirusTotal checksum
• visa-number: Visa number
• vulnerability: A reference to the vulnerability used in the exploit
• weakness: A reference to the weakness (CWE) used in the exploit
• whois-creation-date: The date of domain’s creation, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-registrant-email: The e-mail of a domain’s registrant, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-registrant-name: The name of a domain’s registrant, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-registrant-org: The org of a domain’s registrant, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-registrant-phone: The phone number of a domain’s registrant, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• whois-registrar: The registrar of the domain, obtained from the WHOIS information.
• windows-scheduled-task: A scheduled task in windows
• windows-service-displayname: A windows service’s displayname, not to be confused with the windows-service-name. This is the name that applications will generally display as the service’s name in applications.
• windows-service-name: A windows service name. This is the name used internally by windows. Not to be confused with the windows-service-displayname.
• x509-fingerprint-md5: X509 fingerprint in MD5 format
• x509-fingerprint-sha1: X509 fingerprint in SHA-1 format
• x509-fingerprint-sha256: X509 fingerprint in SHA-256 format
• xmr: Monero Address
• yara: YARA signature
• zeek: An NIDS rule in the Zeek rule-format

MISP objects

MISP objects are in addition to MISP attributes to allow advanced combinations of attributes. The creation of these objects and their associated attributes are based on real cyber security use-cases and existing practices in information sharing. MISP objects are standardised under a simple templating format and are automatically available in MISP. A series of relationships are also defined along with the objects which can be used to create relationships between objects.

The objects available can be browsed via the web site or downloaded as PDF or directly via the MISP software.

MISP Taxonomies

Along with the core format, MISP taxonomies provide a set of already defined classifications modeling estimative language, CSIRTs/CERTs classifications, national classifications or threat model classification. The fixed taxonomies provide a practical method to tag efficiently events and attributes within a set of MISP instances where taxonomies can be easily cherry-picked or extended to meet the local requirements of an organization or a specific sharing community. When using MISP, the MISP taxonomies are available and can be freely used based on the community practises.

The taxonomies can be browsed via the web site or downloaded as PDF or via the MISP software.

CERT-XLM

CERT-XLM : CERT-XLM Security Incident Classification. Overview

DFRLab-dichotomies-of-disinformation

DFRLab-dichotomies-of-disinformation : DFRLab Dichotomies of Disinformation. Overview

DML

DML : The Detection Maturity Level (DML) model is a capability maturity model for referencing ones maturity in detecting cyber attacks. It’s designed for organizations who perform intel-driven detection and response and who put an emphasis on having a mature detection program. Overview

PAP

PAP : The Permissible Actions Protocol - or short: PAP - was designed to indicate how the received information can be used. Overview

access-method

access-method : The access method used to remotely access a system. Overview

accessnow

accessnow : Access Now classification to classify an issue (such as security, human rights, youth rights). Overview

action-taken

action-taken : Action taken in the case of a security incident (CSIRT perspective). Overview

admiralty-scale

admiralty-scale : The Admiralty Scale or Ranking (also called the NATO System) is used to rank the reliability of a source and the credibility of an information. Reference based on FM 2-22.3 (FM 34-52) HUMAN INTELLIGENCE COLLECTOR OPERATIONS and NATO documents. Overview

adversary

adversary : An overview and description of the adversary infrastructure Overview

ais-marking

ais-marking : The AIS Marking Schema implementation is maintained by the National Cybersecurity and Communication Integration Center (NCCIC) of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Overview

analyst-assessment

analyst-assessment : A series of assessment predicates describing the analyst capabilities to perform analysis. These assessment can be assigned by the analyst him/herself or by another party evaluating the analyst. Overview

approved-category-of-action

approved-category-of-action : A pre-approved category of action for indicators being shared with partners (MIMIC). Overview

binary-class

binary-class : Custom taxonomy for types of binary file. Overview

cccs

cccs : Internal taxonomy for CCCS. Overview

circl

circl : CIRCL Taxonomy - Schemes of Classification in Incident Response and Detection Overview

coa

coa : Course of action taken within organization to discover, detect, deny, disrupt, degrade, deceive and/or destroy an attack. Overview

collaborative-intelligence

collaborative-intelligence : Collaborative intelligence support language is a common language to support analysts to perform their analysis to get crowdsourced support when using threat intelligence sharing platform like MISP. The objective of this language is to advance collaborative analysis and to share earlier than later. Overview

common-taxonomy

common-taxonomy : Common Taxonomy for Law enforcement and CSIRTs Overview

copine-scale

copine-scale : The COPINE Scale is a rating system created in Ireland and used in the United Kingdom to categorise the severity of images of child sex abuse. The scale was developed by staff at the COPINE (Combating Paedophile Information Networks in Europe) project. The COPINE Project was founded in 1997, and is based in the Department of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Ireland. Overview

course-of-action

course-of-action : A Course Of Action analysis considers six potential courses of action for the development of a cyber security capability. Overview

cryptocurrency-threat

cryptocurrency-threat : Threats targetting cryptocurrency, based on CipherTrace report. Overview

csirt-americas

csirt-americas : Taxonomía CSIRT Américas. Overview

csirt_case_classification

csirt_case_classification : It is critical that the CSIRT provide consistent and timely response to the customer, and that sensitive information is handled appropriately. This document provides the guidelines needed for CSIRT Incident Managers (IM) to classify the case category, criticality level, and sensitivity level for each CSIRT case. This information will be entered into the Incident Tracking System (ITS) when a case is created. Consistent case classification is required for the CSIRT to provide accurate reporting to management on a regular basis. In addition, the classifications will provide CSIRT IM’s with proper case handling procedures and will form the basis of SLA’s between the CSIRT and other Company departments. Overview

cssa

cssa : The CSSA agreed sharing taxonomy. Overview

cti

cti : Cyber Threat Intelligence cycle to control workflow state of your process. Overview

current-event

current-event : Current events - Schemes of Classification in Incident Response and Detection Overview

cyber-threat-framework

cyber-threat-framework : Cyber Threat Framework was developed by the US Government to enable consistent characterization and categorization of cyber threat events, and to identify trends or changes in the activities of cyber adversaries. https://www.dni.gov/index.php/cyber-threat-framework Overview

cycat

cycat : Taxonomy used by CyCAT, the Universal Cybersecurity Resource Catalogue, to categorize the namespaces it supports and uses. Overview

cytomic-orion

cytomic-orion : Taxonomy to describe desired actions for Cytomic Orion Overview

dark-web

dark-web : Criminal motivation on the dark web: A categorisation model for law enforcement. ref: Janis Dalins, Campbell Wilson, Mark Carman. Taxonomy updated by MISP Project Overview

data-classification

data-classification : Data classification for data potentially at risk of exfiltration based on table 2.1 of Solving Cyber Risk book. Overview

dcso-sharing

dcso-sharing : Taxonomy defined in the DCSO MISP Event Guide. It provides guidance for the creation and consumption of MISP events in a way that minimises the extra effort for the sending party, while enhancing the usefulness for receiving parties. Overview

ddos

ddos : Distributed Denial of Service - or short: DDoS - taxonomy supports the description of Denial of Service attacks and especially the types they belong too. Overview

de-vs

de-vs : German (DE) Government classification markings (VS). Overview

deception

deception : Deception is an important component of information operations, valuable for both offense and defense. Overview

dhs-ciip-sectors

dhs-ciip-sectors : DHS critical sectors as in https://www.dhs.gov/critical-infrastructure-sectors Overview

diamond-model

diamond-model : The Diamond Model for Intrusion Analysis establishes the basic atomic element of any intrusion activity, the event, composed of four core features: adversary, infrastructure, capability, and victim. Overview

dni-ism

dni-ism : A subset of Information Security Marking Metadata ISM as required by Executive Order (EO) 13526. As described by DNI.gov as Data Encoding Specifications for Information Security Marking Metadata in Controlled Vocabulary Enumeration Values for ISM Overview

domain-abuse

domain-abuse : Domain Name Abuse - taxonomy to tag domain names used for cybercrime. Overview

drugs

drugs : A taxonomy based on the superclass and class of drugs. Based on https://www.drugbank.ca/releases/latest Overview

economical-impact

economical-impact : Economical impact is a taxonomy to describe the financial impact as positive or negative gain to the tagged information (e.g. data exfiltration loss, a positive gain for an adversary). Overview

ecsirt

ecsirt : Incident Classification by the ecsirt.net version mkVI of 31 March 2015 enriched with IntelMQ taxonomy-type mapping. Overview

enisa

enisa : The present threat taxonomy is an initial version that has been developed on the basis of available ENISA material. This material has been used as an ENISA-internal structuring aid for information collection and threat consolidation purposes. It emerged in the time period 2012-2015. Overview

estimative-language

estimative-language : Estimative language to describe quality and credibility of underlying sources, data, and methodologies based Intelligence Community Directive 203 (ICD 203) and JP 2-0, Joint Intelligence Overview

eu-marketop-and-publicadmin

eu-marketop-and-publicadmin : Market operators and public administrations that must comply to some notifications requirements under EU NIS directive Overview

eu-nis-sector-and-subsectors

eu-nis-sector-and-subsectors : Sectors, subsectors, and digital services as identified by the NIS Directive Overview

euci

euci : EU classified information (EUCI) means any information or material designated by a EU security classification, the unauthorised disclosure of which could cause varying degrees of prejudice to the interests of the European Union or of one or more of the Member States. Overview

europol-event

europol-event : This taxonomy was designed to describe the type of events Overview

europol-incident

europol-incident : This taxonomy was designed to describe the type of incidents by class. Overview

event-assessment

event-assessment : A series of assessment predicates describing the event assessment performed to make judgement(s) under a certain level of uncertainty. Overview

event-classification

event-classification : Classification of events as seen in tools such as RT/IR, MISP and other Overview

exercise

exercise : Exercise is a taxonomy to describe if the information is part of one or more cyber or crisis exercise. Overview

extended-event

extended-event : Reasons why an event has been extended. Overview

failure-mode-in-machine-learning

failure-mode-in-machine-learning : The purpose of this taxonomy is to jointly tabulate both the of these failure modes in a single place. Intentional failures wherein the failure is caused by an active adversary attempting to subvert the system to attain her goals – either to misclassify the result, infer private training data, or to steal the underlying algorithm. Unintentional failures wherein the failure is because an ML system produces a formally correct but completely unsafe outcome. Overview

false-positive

false-positive : This taxonomy aims to ballpark the expected amount of false positives. Overview

file-type

file-type : List of known file types. Overview

flesch-reading-ease

flesch-reading-ease : Flesch Reading Ease is a revised system for determining the comprehension difficulty of written material. The scoring of the flesh score can have a maximum of 121.22 and there is no limit on how low a score can be (negative score are valid). Overview

fpf

fpf : The Future of Privacy Forum (FPF) visual guide to practical de-identification taxonomy is used to evaluate the degree of identifiability of personal data and the types of pseudonymous data, de-identified data and anonymous data. The work of FPF is licensed under a creative commons attribution 4.0 international license. Overview

fr-classif

fr-classif : French gov information classification system Overview

gdpr

gdpr : Taxonomy related to the REGULATION (EU) 2016/679 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) Overview

gea-nz-activities

gea-nz-activities : Information needed to track or monitor moments, periods or events that occur over time. This type of information is focused on occurrences that must be tracked for business reasons or represent a specific point in the evolution of ‘The Business’. Overview

gea-nz-entities

gea-nz-entities : Information relating to instances of entities or things. Overview

gea-nz-motivators

gea-nz-motivators : Information relating to authority or governance. Overview

gsma-attack-category

gsma-attack-category : Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information sharing program with telco describing the attack categories Overview

gsma-fraud

gsma-fraud : Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information sharing program with telco describing the various aspects of fraud Overview

gsma-network-technology

gsma-network-technology : Taxonomy used by GSMA for their information sharing program with telco describing the types of infrastructure. WiP Overview

honeypot-basic

honeypot-basic : Updated (CIRCL, Seamus Dowling and EURECOM) from Christian Seifert, Ian Welch, Peter Komisarczuk, ‘Taxonomy of Honeypots’, Technical Report CS-TR-06/12, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON, School of Mathematical and Computing Sciences, June 2006, http://www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz/comp/Publications/archive/CS-TR-06/CS-TR-06-12.pdf Overview

ics

ics : FIRST.ORG CTI SIG - MISP Proposal for ICS/OT Threat Attribution (IOC) Project Overview

iep

iep : Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) Information Exchange Policy (IEP) framework Overview

iep2-policy

iep2-policy : Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) Information Exchange Policy (IEP) v2.0 Policy Overview

iep2-reference

iep2-reference : Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams (FIRST) Information Exchange Policy (IEP) v2.0 Reference Overview

ifx-vetting

ifx-vetting : The IFX taxonomy is used to categorise information (MISP events and attributes) to aid in the intelligence vetting process Overview

incident-disposition

incident-disposition : How an incident is classified in its process to be resolved. The taxonomy is inspired from NASA Incident Response and Management Handbook. https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/589502main_ITS-HBK-2810.09-02%20%5bNASA%20Information%20Security%20Incident%20Management%5d.pdf#page=9 Overview

infoleak

infoleak : A taxonomy describing information leaks and especially information classified as being potentially leaked. The taxonomy is based on the work by CIRCL on the AIL framework. The taxonomy aim is to be used at large to improve classification of leaked information. Overview

information-security-data-source

information-security-data-source : Taxonomy to classify the information security data sources. Overview

information-security-indicators

information-security-indicators : A full set of operational indicators for organizations to use to benchmark their security posture. Overview

interactive-cyber-training-audience

interactive-cyber-training-audience : Describes the target of cyber training and education. Overview

interactive-cyber-training-technical-setup

interactive-cyber-training-technical-setup : The technical setup consists of environment structure, deployment, and orchestration. Overview

interactive-cyber-training-training-environment

interactive-cyber-training-training-environment : The training environment details the environment around the training, consisting of training type and scenario. Overview

interactive-cyber-training-training-setup

interactive-cyber-training-training-setup : The training setup further describes the training itself with the scoring, roles, the training mode as well as the customization level. Overview

interception-method

interception-method : The interception method used to intercept traffic. Overview

ioc

ioc : An IOC classification to facilitate automation of malicious and non malicious artifacts Overview

iot

iot : Internet of Things taxonomy, based on IOT UK report https://iotuk.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/IOT-Taxonomy-Report.pdf Overview

kill-chain

kill-chain : The Cyber Kill Chain, a phase-based model developed by Lockheed Martin, aims to help categorise and identify the stage of an attack. Overview

maec-delivery-vectors

maec-delivery-vectors : Vectors used to deliver malware based on MAEC 5.0 Overview

maec-malware-behavior

maec-malware-behavior : Malware behaviours based on MAEC 5.0 Overview

maec-malware-capabilities

maec-malware-capabilities : Malware Capabilities based on MAEC 5.0 Overview

maec-malware-obfuscation-methods

maec-malware-obfuscation-methods : Obfuscation methods used by malware based on MAEC 5.0 Overview

malware_classification

malware_classification : Classification based on different categories. Based on https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/incident/malware-101-viruses-32848 Overview

misinformation-website-label

misinformation-website-label : classification for the identification of type of misinformation among websites. Source:False, Misleading, Clickbait-y, and/or Satirical News Sources by Melissa Zimdars 2019 Overview

misp

misp : MISP taxonomy to infer with MISP behavior or operation. Overview

monarc-threat

monarc-threat : MONARC Threats Taxonomy Overview

ms-caro-malware

ms-caro-malware : Malware Type and Platform classification based on Microsoft’s implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research Organization (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. Based on https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/mmpc/shared/malwarenaming.aspx, https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/glossary.aspx, https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/objectivecriteria.aspx, and http://www.caro.org/definitions/index.html. Malware families are extracted from Microsoft SIRs since 2008 based on https://www.microsoft.com/security/sir/archive/default.aspx and https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/threat/threats.aspx. Note that SIRs do NOT include all Microsoft malware families. Overview

ms-caro-malware-full

ms-caro-malware-full : Malware Type and Platform classification based on Microsoft’s implementation of the Computer Antivirus Research Organization (CARO) Naming Scheme and Malware Terminology. Based on https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/mmpc/shared/malwarenaming.aspx, https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/glossary.aspx, https://www.microsoft.com/security/portal/mmpc/shared/objectivecriteria.aspx, and http://www.caro.org/definitions/index.html. Malware families are extracted from Microsoft SIRs since 2008 based on https://www.microsoft.com/security/sir/archive/default.aspx and https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/portal/threat/threats.aspx. Note that SIRs do NOT include all Microsoft malware families. Overview

mwdb

mwdb : Malware Database (mwdb) Taxonomy - Tags used across the platform Overview

nato

nato : NATO classification markings. Overview

nis

nis : The taxonomy is meant for large scale cybersecurity incidents, as mentioned in the Commission Recommendation of 13 September 2017, also known as the blueprint. It has two core parts: The nature of the incident, i.e. the underlying cause, that triggered the incident, and the impact of the incident, i.e. the impact on services, in which sector(s) of economy and society. Overview

open_threat

open_threat : Open Threat Taxonomy v1.1 base on James Tarala of SANS http://www.auditscripts.com/resources/open_threat_taxonomy_v1.1a.pdf, https://files.sans.org/summit/Threat_Hunting_Incident_Response_Summit_2016/PDFs/Using-Open-Tools-to-Convert-Threat-Intelligence-into-Practical-Defenses-James-Tarala-SANS-Institute.pdf, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rdGOOFC_yE, and https://www.rsaconference.com/writable/presentations/file_upload/str-r04_using-an-open-source-threat-model-for-prioritized-defense-final.pdf Overview

osint

osint : Open Source Intelligence - Classification (MISP taxonomies) Overview

pandemic

pandemic : Pandemic Overview

passivetotal

passivetotal : Tags from RiskIQ’s PassiveTotal service Overview

pentest

pentest : Penetration test (pentest) classification. Overview

phishing

phishing : Taxonomy to classify phishing attacks including techniques, collection mechanisms and analysis status. Overview

political-spectrum

political-spectrum : political spectrum is a system to characterize and classify different political positions Overview

priority-level

priority-level : After an incident is scored, it is assigned a priority level. The six levels listed below are aligned with NCCIC, DHS, and the CISS to help provide a common lexicon when discussing incidents. This priority assignment drives NCCIC urgency, pre-approved incident response offerings, reporting requirements, and recommendations for leadership escalation. Generally, incident priority distribution should follow a similar pattern to the graph below. Based on https://www.us-cert.gov/NCCIC-Cyber-Incident-Scoring-System. Overview

ransomware

ransomware : Ransomware is used to define ransomware types and the elements that compose them. Overview

retention

retention : Add a retenion time to events to automatically remove the IDS-flag on ip-dst or ip-src attributes. We calculate the time elapsed based on the date of the event. Supported time units are: d(ays), w(eeks), m(onths), y(ears). The numerical_value is just for sorting in the web-interface and is not used for calculations. Overview

rsit

rsit : Reference Security Incident Classification Taxonomy Overview

rt_event_status

rt_event_status : Status of events used in Request Tracker. Overview

runtime-packer

runtime-packer : Runtime or software packer used to combine compressed data with the decompression code. The decompression code can add additional obfuscations mechanisms including polymorphic-packer or other obfuscation techniques. This taxonomy lists all the known or official packer used for legitimate use or for packing malicious binaries. Overview

scrippsco2-fgc

scrippsco2-fgc : Flags describing the sample Overview

scrippsco2-fgi

scrippsco2-fgi : Flags describing the sample for isotopic data (C14, O18) Overview

scrippsco2-sampling-stations

scrippsco2-sampling-stations : Sampling stations of the Scripps CO2 Program Overview

smart-airports-threats

smart-airports-threats : Threat taxonomy in the scope of securing smart airports by ENISA. https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/securing-smart-airports Overview

stealth_malware

stealth_malware : Classification based on malware stealth techniques. Described in https://vxheaven.org/lib/pdf/Introducing%20Stealth%20Malware%20Taxonomy.pdf Overview

stix-ttp

stix-ttp : TTPs are representations of the behavior or modus operandi of cyber adversaries. Overview

targeted-threat-index

targeted-threat-index : The Targeted Threat Index is a metric for assigning an overall threat ranking score to email messages that deliver malware to a victim’s computer. The TTI metric was first introduced at SecTor 2013 by Seth Hardy as part of the talk “RATastrophe: Monitoring a Malware Menagerie” along with Katie Kleemola and Greg Wiseman. Overview

thales_group

thales_group : Thales Group Taxonomy - was designed with the aim of enabling desired sharing and preventing unwanted sharing between Thales Group security communities. Overview

threatmatch

threatmatch : The ThreatMatch Sectors, Incident types, Malware types and Alert types are applicable for any ThreatMatch instances and should be used for all CIISI and TIBER Projects. Overview

threats-to-dns

threats-to-dns : An overview of some of the known attacks related to DNS as described by Torabi, S., Boukhtouta, A., Assi, C., & Debbabi, M. (2018) in Detecting Internet Abuse by Analyzing Passive DNS Traffic: A Survey of Implemented Systems. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 1–1. doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2849614 Overview

tlp

tlp : The Traffic Light Protocol - or short: TLP - was designed with the objective to create a favorable classification scheme for sharing sensitive information while keeping the control over its distribution at the same time. Overview

tor

tor : Taxonomy to describe Tor network infrastructure Overview

trust

trust : The Indicator of Trust provides insight about data on what can be trusted and known as a good actor. Similar to a whitelist but on steroids, reusing features one would use with Indicators of Compromise, but to filter out what is known to be good. Overview

type

type : Taxonomy to describe different types of intelligence gathering discipline which can be described the origin of intelligence. Overview

unified-kill-chain

unified-kill-chain : The Unified Kill Chain is a refinement to the Kill Chain. Overview

use-case-applicability

use-case-applicability : The Use Case Applicability categories reflect standard resolution categories, to clearly display alerting rule configuration problems. Overview

veris

veris : Vocabulary for Event Recording and Incident Sharing (VERIS) Overview

vmray

vmray : VMRay taxonomies to map VMRay Thread Identifier scores and artifacts. Overview

vocabulaire-des-probabilites-estimatives

vocabulaire-des-probabilites-estimatives : Ce vocabulaire attribue des valeurs en pourcentage à certains énoncés de probabilité Overview

workflow

workflow : Workflow support language is a common language to support intelligence analysts to perform their analysis on data and information. Overview

MISP Galaxy

MISP galaxy is a simple method to express a large object called cluster that can be attached to MISP events or attributes. A cluster can be composed of one or more elements. Elements are expressed as key-values. There are default vocabularies available in MISP galaxy but those can be overwritten, replaced or updated as you wish. Existing clusters and vocabularies can be used as-is or as a template. MISP distribution can be applied to each cluster to permit a limited or broader distribution scheme. Many MISP galaxy clusters are already available like Exploit-Kit, Microsoft Activity Group actor, Preventive Measure, Ransomware, TDS, Threat actor or Tool used by adversaries.

The galaxy can be browsed via the web site or downloaded as PDF or directly via the MISP software.